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Challenge 412: The nine point circle

A beautiful geometric result to prove this week!

I asked Y13 student and geometry aficionado Adem K for a WMC problem and this was his choice - it's a very neat configuration of points in a triangle that can lead to other interesting properties!

This gets difficult in places, but everything can be done using GCSE circle theorems and basic angle reasoning. Make sure to draw a good (and big) diagram.

The setup:

  • Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle. (The result holds for other triangles, but the diagram gets messy.)
  • Draw the altitude from A to BC (this is the line from A that meets BC at a right angle). Let D be the point where the altitude meets BC.
  • Similarly, draw the altitude from B to AC, and let E be the intersection with AC. Draw the altitude from C to AB, and let F be the intersection with AB.
  • You may assume without proof that the three altitudes meet at a common point H - this is called the orthocentre of the triangle.
  • Finally, let L be the midpoint of BC, M be the midpoint of AC, and N be the midpoint of AB.

Now onto the problem!

  1. Show that BCEF is a cyclic quadrilateral, and that L is the centre of its circle.
  2. Show that DEFL is a cyclic quadrilateral. Deduce that DNEFML is a cyclic hexagon.
  3. Show that the midpoints of AH, BH and CH also lie on this circle.

This circle - which passes through D, E, F, L, M, N and the midpoints of AH, BH and CH is called the "nine-point circle". Besides being a nice configuration in its own right, it leads to some interesting results - possibly to appear in a WMC one day!

Submit your solution

Please do send in your solution to this problem to weeklymaths@kcl.ac.uk You can scan or photograph your written work, or type your solutions. If this is your first weekly maths challenge solution, please include your year group and the name of the school you attend. We'll be happy to provide feedback on your solution, assuming that you are in year 11 or below. If you are older than this, we hope you enjoy trying the problems and reviewing your solutions against those we publish on the website.